CHAPTER 1 : NETWORK

What is a Network?

A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

Two very common types of networks include:

• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)

Local Area Network

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. It is generally limited to a geographic area such as a writing lab, school, or building.

Computers connected to a network are broadly categorized as servers or workstations. Servers are generally not used by humans directly, but rather run continuously to provide "services" to the other computers (and their human users) on the network. Services provided can include printing and faxing, software hosting, file storage and sharing, messaging, data storage and retrieval, complete access control (security) for the network's resources, and many others.

Workstations are called such because they typically do have a human user which interacts with the network through them. Workstations were traditionally considered a desktop, consisting of a computer, keyboard, display, and mouse, or a laptop, with with integrated keyboard, display, and touchpad. With the advent of the tablet computer, and the touch screen devices such as iPad and iPhone, our definition of workstation is quickly evolving to include those devices, because of their ability to interact with the network and utilize network services.

Servers tend to be more powerful than workstations, although configurations are guided by needs. For example, a group of servers might be located in a secure area, away from humans, and only accessed through the network. In such cases, it would be common for the servers to operate without a dedicated display or keyboard. However, the size and speed of the server's processor(s), hard drive, and main memory might add dramatically to the cost of the system. On the other hand, a workstation might not need as much storage or working memory, but might require an expensive display to accommodate the needs of its user. Every computer on a network should be appropriately configured for its use.

On a single LAN, computers and servers may be connected by cables or wirelessly. Wireless access to a wired network is made possible by wireless access points (WAPs). These WAP devices provide a bridge between computers and networks. A typical WAP might have the theoretical capacity to connect hundreds or even thousands of wireless users to a network, although practical capacity might be far less.

Nearly always servers will be connected by cables to the network, because the cable connections remain the fastest. Workstations which are stationary (desktops) are also usually connected by a cable to the network, although the cost of wireless adapters has dropped to the point that, when installing workstations in an existing facility with inadequate wiring, it can be easier and less expensive to use wireless for a desktop.

See the Topology, Cabling, and Hardware sections of this tutorial for more information on the configuration of a LAN.

Wide Area Network

Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect networks in larger geographic areas, such as Florida, the United States, or the world. Dedicated transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be used to connect this type of global network.

Using a WAN, schools in Florida can communicate with places like Tokyo in a matter of seconds, without paying enormous phone bills. Two users a half-world apart with workstations equipped with microphones and a webcams might teleconference in real time. A WAN is complicated. It uses multiplexers, bridges, and routers to connect local and metropolitan networks to global communications networks like the Internet. To users, however, a WAN will not appear to be much different than a LAN.

AKTIVITI SEMASA CUTI CNY

Pada masa cuti sekolah yang lalu,saya telah pulang ke kampung bersama keluarga saya😍.Kampung saya terletak di Melaka.Kami bercuti di kampung selama tiga hari. Setelah kami sekeluarga menyediakan barang-barang yang perlu dibawa,kami pun bertolak ke destinasi dengan gembira.Perjalanan ke kampung mengambil masa tiga jam.Kami bercerita di kereta sementara berada dalam perjalanan ke kampung. Pada pukul satu petang,saya dan keluarga saya telah tiba di rumah datuk dan nenek.Datuk dan nenek menyambut kedatangan kami dengan tangan terbuka.Nenek menghidangkan kuih-muih yang dibuat olehnya kepada kami.Kuih-muih yang dibuat oleh nenek enak sekali. Selepas makan,kami berehat sambil berbual-bual di bawah sebatang pokok yang terletak di hadapan rumah mereka.Pada waktu senja,kami baru masuk ke rumah mereka. Pada hari kedua,datuk membawa kami sekeluarga pergi ke sungai yang berhampiran dengan rumahnya.Kami telah meyediakan joran dan umpan.Datuk mengajar saya dan kedua-dua adik lelakiku tentang cara-cara memancing ikan.Oleh itu,kami dapat memancing banyak ikan yang besar dengan senang. Selepas itu,kami membawa ikan-ikan yang dipancing ke rumah datuk dan nenek untuk digoreng gebagai lauk-pauk pada waktu petang. Pada hari ketiga,datuk membawa kami pergi ke gerai buah-buahannya.Terdapat banyak buah-buahan yang dijual oleh datuk seperti durian,anggur,nanas,tembikai,mangga dan sebagainya.Kami membantu datuk menyusun dan menjual buah-buahan. Dua jam kemudian,kami hendak pulang ke rumah kami.Sebelum pulang,datuk dan nenek memberikan beberapa biji buah-buahan kepada kami.Kami pun mengucapkan terima kasih kepada mereka. Saya berharap saya boleh pulang ke kampung datuk dan nenek lagi pada cuti sekolah yang akan datang.💗

TARBIAH SENTAP

Cara nak tinggalkan couple, crush dan ikhtilat?

1) Faham apakah hukum ikhtilat serta asas-asanya, dan cinta sebelum nikah.

2) Unfriend dan unfollow orang berlainan jantina di media social samada Facebook, Instagram, twitter dan lain-lain.

3) Jangan save nombor yang berlainan jantina.

4) Jauhi berkawan dengan orang yang kaki ikhtilat dan couple.

5) Berukhwah dengan sesama jantina.

6) Elakkan dari tengok drama cinta, baca novel cinta, dengar lagu cinta dan apa-apa yang berkaitan cinta.

7) Sibukkan diri dengan dakwah dan tarbiah.

TARBIAH UNTUK WANITA

NAK BERUBAH JADI SOLEHAH?

Saya kira, sangat ramai perempuan yang nak berubah. Sangat ramai perempuan yang nak jadi solehah, yang mahu menuju kea rah kebaikan dan kembali pada islam. Sangat ramai. Cuma, kadang-kadang, sebahagian dari korang seakan-akan TAK NAMPAK apakah jalan yang terbaik untuk jadi wanita solehah.

Macamana nak jadi solehah? Nak mula dari mana? Solehah tu di nilai dari sudut apa? Boleh tak ini, boleh tak itu, dan macam-macam persoalan timbul, yang mana akhirnya, semangat korang untuk berubah tu jadi down, dan akhirnya terus malas.

Maka, fokus tulisan saya pada kali ini hakikatnya tentang isu ini. Saya akan huraikan dengan mudah, agar sama-sama kembali semangat, Nampak JALAN dan langkah-langkah yang sepatutnya di lakukan, bagi perempuan-perempuan yang nak berubah. Moga bermanfaat!

PEREMPUAN YANG MENUTUP AURAT?

Secara kasarnya, saya klasifikasikan perempuan yang menutup aurat dengan sempurna ni kepada 4 golongan(mungkin ada banyak golongan, tapi saya fokuskan kepada 4 golongan ni):

1)Pakai tudung labuh, tapi takde sifat malu.

2)Pakai tudung labuh tapi ada sifat malu.

3)Pakai tudung labuh dan purdah tapi takde sifat malu.

4)pakai tudung labuh dan purdah tapi ada sifat malu.

Yang terbaik adalah yang nombor keempat, semestinya.

HIKING

Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks. On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word "walking" is acceptable to describe all forms of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps. The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England). The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927. In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.It is a popular activity with numerous hiking organizations worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits

COOKING

Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of fire or heat. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends. The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has. Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments. Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice

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